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Bài này giới thiệu cách dùng WHICH trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Đây là một trong các đại từ quan hệ phổ biến nhất trong tiếng Anh.

Xem thêm cách dùng của các đại từ quan hệ thông dụng khác:  THAT   |   WHO   |   WHOM   |    WHICH   |   WHOSE

 

GIỚI THIỆU

WHICH:

Cách dùng chung:

• Dùng WHICH để chỉ người và vật

• Dùng WHICH trong cả mệnh đề xác định và không xác định

Ví dụ: 

The book which I borrowed from our school library is so interesting. 

Đây là mệnh đề xác định

Đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật 

What are the requirements of the game which you want to buy?

Đây là mệnh đề xác định

Đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật

He won’t have much time to prepare for the meeting, which is this afternoon.

Đây là mệnh đề không xác định

Đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật

• Luôn dùng WHICH để bắt đâu mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho cả một câu, hoặc nói chính xác hơn là cho cả một ý được nói ra trước đó, chứ không chỉ là bổ nghia cho một danh từ/cụm danh từ/đại từ cụ thể của mệnh đề đứng trước như cách thông thường. Lưu ý: mặc dù trong câu trên, mệnh đề quan hệ dường như là một phân của câu, nhưng trên thực tế, câu có thể kết thúc trước mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này chỉ là một nhận xét về toàn bộ ý tưởng của ý tưởng đưa ra trước đó.

Ví dụ:

She had to get up and walk all the way to the other side of the room, which isn’t easy with a bad back.

Mệnh đề “which isn’t easy with a bad back” không bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ cụ thể nào, mà bổ nghĩa cho cả ý được nói ra trước đó.

• Dùng which hoặc that, không dùng what: 

Ví dụ:

Another activity which/that I have chosen is photography.

Không dùng what: Another activity what I have chosen is photography.

ZOOM IN

Cách dùng cụ thể:

WHICH dùng làm chủ ngữ và tân ngữ

WHICH có thể làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ:

Ví dụ:

The new sports complex, which will be built on the site of the old power station, will provide facilities for cricket, soccer, bowls and badminton.

Trong ví dụ trên, which dùng để chỉ the new sports complex và là chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ

 It was the same picture which I saw at the National Gallery.

Trong ví dụ trên, which dùng để chỉ the same picture và là tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ

 

WHICH + giới từ

Có thể dùng WHICH làm tân ngữ của giới từ: 

Ví dụ:

Early in the Autumn Term there is a reception at which you can meet current staff and students.

Trong ví dụ trên, which dùng để chỉ a reception và là tân ngữ của giới từ at 

Close by, in the churchyard, is the famous Rudston stone, from whichthe village takes its name.

Trong ví dụ trên, which được dùng để chỉ the famous Rudston stone và là bổ ngữ của giới từ from)

Có thể dùng giới từ ở trước đại từ quan hệ (trang trọng) hoặc ở cuối mệnh đề quan hệ (dân dã).

 

So sánh cách dùng WHICH với giới từ

Trang trọng
Dân dã

The title of the poem indicates that the poet knows himself to be separated from the community in which he grew up.
I’ve never felt close to the community which I grew up in.

 

WHICH bổ nghĩa cho cả câu

Luôn dùng WHICH cho mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho cả câu đứng trước nó.

Kiểu dùng này thường dùng trong văn nói để đưa ra nhận xét, hoặc đánh giá về nội dung của câu nói trước đó của người đối thoại hoặc của chính mình.

Ví dụ 1:

(Dùng mệnh đề WHICH bổ nghĩa cho cả câu mà chính mình vừa nói. Thường dừng lại một chút trước khi nói mệnh đề WHICH này.)

I think the other thing that was really good about it as well was that everybody worked really hard and helped tidy up at the end, which I hadn’t expected at all.

Tôi nghĩ rằng một điều nữa cũng rất hay là mọi người đều làm việc nhiệt tình và giúp thu dọn đồ đạc lúc kết thúc, đây là điều mà tôi không hề nghĩ tới trước đó.

Trong ví dụ trên: mệnh đề which I hadn’t expected at all dùng để đưa ra nhận xét về mệnh đề trước đó mà mình vừa nói.

Ví dụ 2:

(Dùng mệnh đề WHICH để trả lời về một thông tin mà người đối thoại với mình vừa đưa ra, chủ yếu là nhận xét về thông tin đó.)

A: The meeting will be delayed to after 5 in the afternoon.

B: Which is good. I will have more time preparing the presentation.

Ví dụ 3:

(Dùng mệnh đề WHICH để trả lời một sau khi người đối thoại đã trả lời một thông tin mà mình vừa đưa ra)

A: I have had a backache for five days. My wife asked me to see the doctor.

B: Oh no.

A: Which I did.

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2. Relative clause

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• You passed. Congratulations!

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15. 15

1. Answered

2. Review

1. Question

   1

   of

   15

   1

   . Question
   

   Select the correct sentence:

   • The bartender took the day off, which gave her some time to relax.

   • The bartender took the day off, what gave her some time to relax.

   • The bartender took the day off, that gave her some time to relax.

   • The bartender took the day off, gave her some time to relax.

   Correct

   Incorrect

2. Question

   2

   of

   15

   2

   . Question
   

   Chose the sentence that contains a non-defining relative clause:

   • They moved to Florida, which they hoped would lead to better job prospects.

   • I watched a dog that was chasing its tail.”

   • The box which I’d returned appeared on my doorstep again.

   • I sit right beneath a light that constantly flickers.

   Correct

   Incorrect

3. Question

   3

   of

   15

   3

   . Question
   

   Chose the correct relative pronoun for the blank:

   The pizza, ____ was pepperoni, was left in the oven too long

   • which

   • that

   • what

   • whose

   Correct

   Incorrect

4. Question

   4

   of

   15

   4

   . Question
   

   Chose the correct relative pronoun for the blank:

   The male candidate, ____ I hadn’t voted for, won the election anyway.

   • which

   • that

   • who/whom

   • whose

   Correct

   Incorrect

5. Question

   5

   of

   15

   5

   . Question
   

   Chose the correct sentence:

   • The Rolls Royce, its door has a big dent, is mine.

   • The Rolls Royce over there, which the door has a big dent, is mine.

   • The Rolls Royce over there, whose door has a big dent, is mine.

   • The Rolls Royce over there, that the door has a big dent, is mine.

   Correct

   Incorrect

6. Question

   6

   of

   15

   6

   . Question
   

   Chose all correct choices for the blank:

   The mountain ____ we climbed yesterday was the highest in Britain!

   • which

   • where

   • what

   • (none)

   Correct

   Incorrect

7. Question

   7

   of

   15

   7

   . Question
   

   Select the sentence where the relative pronoun can be dropped:

   • The girl who I talked to at the party is one of my colleagues

   • The girl who talked to me at the party is one of my colleagues.

   • The girl who drove me home from the party is one of my colleagues.

   • The girl who gave me a ride after the party is one of my colleagues.

   Correct

   Incorrect

8. Question

   8

   of

   15

   8

   . Question
   

   Chose the sentence where the relative pronoun cannot be dropped:

   • Coffee is a drink that keeps you awake.

   • Coffee is a drink that I cannot live without.

   • Coffee is a drink that many people love.

   • Coffee is a drink that babies should not have.

   • Coffee is a drink that the shop is proud of.

   Correct

   Incorrect

9. Question

   9

   of

   15

   9

   . Question
   

   Which of the two is wrong?

   • The film that we saw it yesterday was brilliant.

   • The film that we saw yesterday was brilliant.

   Correct

   Incorrect

10. Question

    10

    of

    15

    10

    . Question
    

    Which of the two is wrong?

    • She went to the same restaurant I had been to it.

    • She went to the same restaurant I had been to.

    Correct

    Incorrect

11. Question

    11

    of

    15

    11

    . Question
    

    Which of the two is wrong?

    • There are some toys here with that the children can play.

    • There are some toys here with which the children can play.

    Correct

    Incorrect

12. Question

    12

    of

    15

    12

    . Question
    

    Only one of those sentences is correct. Which is it?

    • She is doing several jobs at the same time, which I think is too much for her.

    • She is doing several jobs at the same time, which I think are too much for her.

    • She is doing several jobs at the same time, what I think are too much for her.

    • She is doing several jobs at the same time, what I think is too much for her.

    Correct

    Incorrect

13. Question

    13

    of

    15

    13

    . Question
    

    Which of the two is wrong?

    • That’s the dog that it bit me yesterday.

    • That’s the dog that bit me yesterday.

    Correct

    Incorrect

14. Question

    14

    of

    15

    14

    . Question
    

    Which is the correct one?

    • This is Adam, that I have told you about

    • This is Adam, who I have told you about him

    • This is Adam, who I have told you about

    • This is Adam who I have told you about.

    Correct

    Incorrect

15. Question

    15

    of

    15

    15

    . Question
    

    Select all correct choices from the ones given below:

    • My teacher, who is an expert in marketing, is going to launch his first startup.

    • My teacher, an expert in marketing, is going to launch his first startup.

    • My teacher, that is an expert in marketing, is going to launch his first startup.

    • My teacher, is an expert in marketing, is going to launch his first startup.

    Correct

    Incorrect

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